In Brazil, the MST struggles for general land redistribution through the implementation of a national agrarian reform. To achieve this aim, their primary strategy has been to occupy arable lands for its members, before eventually building permanent settlements.

Sortition as an organic part of direct democracy is suited for facilitating the administration of larger areas, while preventing the emergence of hierarchies. In combination with the institution of the general assembly it can help build sustainable democratic processes and promote active citizenship.

Kobanê deserves all its praise. Yet Kobanê was not the first place where the Rojava’s defense forces beat back fanatical, murderous armed jihadists. In November 2012, Jabhat al Nusra attacked and occupied the city of Serê Kaniyê, but YPG threw off that occupation as well.

The embattled Kobanê is now liberated from ISIS. “Let ISIS know that just as the homes of Kobanê became their graves our villages too will become their graves," said YPG Kobanê commander Mahmut Berxwedan. "Our victory is the beginning of the end of ISIS in this world.”

The Syrian civil war is not all about the Islamic State, the al-Nusra Front and the Assad regime; it also hides a bold social experiment. Last December, an international delegation of scholars visited Rojava to learn about the revolution, gender liberation and democratic self-government.

A new radical approach must adequately address the new economic, ecological, technological, and cultural challenges of contemporary society; it must be one of theory and action, one that goes beyond the historical and theoretical limitations of classical Marxism, socialism, and anarchism.

Starting in 2012 a communalist social system has been in the process of transforming Rojava (West Kurdistan, or Syrian Kurdistan). This firsthand account of the institutions of that transformation was written in the early summer of 2014 and thus before the current war.